आमाबुवाकै कारण यस्तो समस्यले ग्रसित हुँदैछन् बालबालिका

तपाईंले ख्याल गर्नुभएकै होला, अहिलेका बच्चाको मुड ठिक छैन । क्षणमै रिसाउँछन् । क्षणमै खुसी हुन्छन् । अर्थात उनीहरुको मानसिकता स्थितर छैन ।

सानो कुरामा र्झकन्छन् । सानै कुरामा फुरुंग हुन्छन् । हुन त बच्चाको स्वभाविक प्रवृत्ति पनि हो । तर, अस्वभाविक रुपमा बद्लिने मुड भने सामान्य होइन, समस्या हो ।

यो बच्चाको मानसिकतासँग जोडिएको समस्या हो । अभिभावकलाई आफ्नो बच्चाको यस्तो मनोवृत्तिबारे थाहा छ । तर, के भएको हो यो ? किन यस्तो हुन्छ ? यसको उपचार के छ ? यसबारे भने थाहा छैन । त्यही कारण उनीहरु आफ्ना बच्चासँग दिक्क छन् । बच्चाको व्यवहार र प्रवृत्तिले हैरान छन् । दुःखी छन् ।

कतिपयले यस्ता बच्चालाई तह लगाउन गाली गर्छन्, डर देखाउँछन्, थर्काउँछन्, कुट्छन् । यहाँ आइपुगेपछि अभिभावकले ख्याल राख्नैपर्छ कि, बच्चालाई कुटेर, तर्साएर समस्याको हल हुँदैन । हल नहुने मात्र होइन, त्यसले गंभीर असर पुर्‍याउन सक्छ । त्यसैले यस किसिमको प्रवृत्ति जब बच्चामा देखापर्छ, तब अभिभावकले होशियारीपूर्वक उनीहरुलाई यसबाट छुटकारा दिलाउनुपर्छ ।

किनभने यो एक मानसिक समस्या हो, जसलाई मुड स्विंग भनिन्छ । यो भनेको असामान्य मुड हो, जो क्षणमै बद्लिन्छ ।

जब बद्लिन्छ बच्चाको मुड

अब प्रश्न उठ्नसक्छ, आखिर मुड स्विंग के हो ? किन यस्तो हुन्छ ? बच्चाहरु किन यो समस्याले ग्रसित हुँदैछन् ?

खासमा यो समस्या बच्चाको होइन, हाम्रो हो । हामीले नै बच्चालाई यस्तो रोगले ग्रस्त बनाइदिएका छौं । किनभने हामीले आफ्नो बच्चालाई बच्चा होइन, मेशिन वा यन्त्रको रुपमा व्यवहार गरिरहेका छौं । आमाको दुध नछाड्दै उनीहरुलाई शिशु कक्षामा पुर्‍याइन्छ । एक कक्षामा पुग्दा नपुग्दैन उनीहरुलाई ट्युसन कक्षामा भर्ना गरिन्छ । कोचिङमा पठाइन्छ ।

यसरी बच्चाहरु उन्मुक्त ढंगले खेल्ने, रमाउने भन्दा पनि आमाबुवाको इशारा अनुसार चल्ने भएका छन् । बच्चाहरु के चाहन्छन् ? त्यो कुरामा कसैले ख्याल गरेनन् । आमाबुवा के चाहन्छन् ? त्यही अनुरुप बच्चाहरुले आफुलाई बदल्नुपर्ने भयो ।

बच्चालाई उनीहरुको समयबाट कटौती गरिदियौं । बच्चालाई बच्चा बन्न दिएनौं । न उनीहरुसँग हामीले समय वितायौं, न बगैंचामा खेल्यौं, न साथमा रमायौं । यावत् कारणले बच्चालाई मुड स्विंगको समस्याले ग्रस्त बनाउँदै लग्यो ।

त्यसबाहेक यसमा अर्को कारण जोडियो, हर्मोनल परिवर्तन । विज्ञका अनुसार विगतमा बच्चाको हर्मोनल परिवर्तन १३-१४ बर्षमा हुन्थ्यो । अहिले १०-१२ बर्ष नपुग्दै उनीहरुमा हर्मोनल परिवर्तन देखिन थालिएको छ । यो उमेरमा उनीहरुले आफुभित्र हर्मोनल परिवर्तन भइरहेको कुराको भेउ पाउँदैनन् । आफ्नो शारीरिक परिवर्तन कसरी र किन हुँदैछ भन्ने कुरा थाहा पाउँदैनन् । यही कारण उनीहरु आफैसँग दुःखी हुन्छन् । बच्चा स्वयम् महसुष गरिरहेका हुन्छन् कि, आखिर मलाई किन यति धेरै रिस उठ्छ ? आखिर म किन यतिधेरै उदास हुन्छु ?

जबकी आमाबुवाले ठान्छन्, बच्चा बिगि्रए । उनीहरुको मात्तिए । उनीहरु पुलपुलिए । त्यही कारण उनीहरु बच्चालाई कुटपिट गरेर सुधार्ने यत्न गर्छन् । जबकी बच्चा फरक मनोदसाबाट गुजि्ररहेका हुन्छन् ।

के हो मुड स्विंगको लक्षण ?

हरेक बच्चा मुड स्विंगमा भिन्न भिन्नै तरिकाले प्रतिक्रिया जनाउँछन् । कति बच्चालाई धेरै रिस उठ्छ । कति बच्चाले औडाह महसुष गर्छन् । कति बच्चा उदास हुन्छन् । कोही खानेकुरा खाएकै खाएकै गर्छन्, कोही खान मन गर्दैनन् ।

यो कुराको संकेत उनीहरुको प्रवृत्तिबाट नै झल्कने हो । अक्सर मुड स्विंगका शिकार बच्चा एक्लै रहन रुचाउँछन् । शान्त ठाउँको खोजी गर्छन् । मोवाइल वा फोनमा बढी तल्लिन हुन्छन् । साथीहरुसँग मिलजुल गर्न हच्किन्छन् ।

अब के गर्ने त ?

मुड स्विंगको शिकार भएका बच्चालाई कसरी सम्हाल्ने त ? अभिभावकको लागि यो एक जटिल प्रश्न हो । साथसाथै अनिवार्य प्रश्न पनि । किनभने यही चरणमा उनीहरुलाई सम्हाल्न सकिएन भने त्यसले भयानक नतिजा दिनसक्छ । त्यसैले मुड स्विंगको शिकार भएका बच्चालाई उनीहरुको लक्षण पत्ता लगाएर उचित किसिमको उपचार विधी खोज्नुपर्छ ।

यस्तो बच्चालाई गाली गरेर, हतोत्साही गरेर, निरास तुल्याएर, डर देखाएर होइन एकदमै प्रेममय वातावरण दिएर सुधार गर्न सकिन्छ । उनीहरुलाई प्रेम र विश्वासको आवश्यक्ता हुन्छ ।

–    मुड स्विंगको क्रममा ध्यान राख्नुहोस् कि, तपाईंको बच्चाको शारीरिक परिवर्तन भइरहेको छ । उनीहरु आफ्नो दुनिया बनाइरहेका छन् । त्यसैले उनीहरुलाई धेरे रोकटोक गर्नुको साटो उसको भावना सम्भिmएर अनुरोध गर्नुपर्छ ।

–    बच्चालाई हरेक क्षेत्रमा अब्बल बनाउने सपना त्यागौं । सुपरम्यान केवल चलचित्रमा राम्रो देखिने हो, व्यवहारिक जीवनमा यस्तो अपेक्षा नगरौं । आफ्नो इच्छा र आकंक्षालाई बच्चामाथि नथोपरौं ।

–    मुड स्विंगको क्रममा बच्चालाई बढी समय दिनुपर्छ । उनीहरुमा भइरहेको परिवर्तनमाथि ध्यान राखौ । उनीहरुसँग मित्रवत् व्यवहार गरौं । बच्चासँग खेल्ने, रमाउने गरौं । उनीहरुलाई आफ्नो कुरा सुनाउने होइन, बरु उनीहरुको कुरा सुन्ने प्रयास गरौं ।

–    घरको माहौल राम्रो राख्ने प्रयास गरौं । बच्चाको अगाडि लडाई-झगडा नगरौं । नभए, उनीहरुलाई एक्लोपनको महसुष हुनेछ । कुनैपनि हालतमा उनीहरुलाई कमजोर देखाउनु हुन्न ।

–    कहिले काहीँ बच्चाले कुरा गर्न चाहेन भने उनीहरुलाई धेरै दुःख दिनु हुँदैन । हरेक क्षण उनीहरुलाई केही सिकाउने प्रयास नगरौं ।

–    ध्यान राखौं कि, उनीहरुलाई धेरै साहनुभूतिको आवश्यक्ता हुन्छ । उनीहरुलाई गाली गर्नुको साटो प्रेमले स्पर्श गरौं ।

–    बच्चा थाकेको बेला वा रिसाएको बेला जबरजस्ती आफ्नो कुरा नराखौं । जब उनीहरु रिल्याक्स अनुभव गर्छन् तब प्रेमपूर्वक उनीहरुसँग कुरा गर्न सकिन्छ ।

–    उनीहरुको खानपानको ध्यान राखौं । कुनैपनि हालतमा उनीहरुलाई दुई-तीन घण्टा भन्दा बढी भोको नराखौं ।

Psoriasis

Overview

• 

  How psoriasis develops

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. It causes cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. The extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful.

Psoriasis is a chronic disease that often comes and goes. The main goal of treatment is to stop the skin cells from growing so quickly.

There is no cure for psoriasis, but you can manage symptoms. Lifestyle measures, such as moisturizing, quitting smoking and managing stress, may help.

Psoriasis care at Mayo Clinic

Symptoms

• 

  Plaque psoriasis

• 

  Guttate psoriasis

• 

  Scalp psoriasis

• 

  Inverse psoriasis

• 

  Nail psoriasis

• 

  Pustular psoriasis

• 

  Erythrodermic psoriasis

Psoriasis signs and symptoms are different for everyone. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Red patches of skin covered with thick, silvery scales
• Small scaling spots (commonly seen in children)
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
• Itching, burning or soreness
• Thickened, pitted or ridged nails
• Swollen and stiff joints

Psoriasis patches can range from a few spots of dandruff-like scaling to major eruptions that cover large areas.

Most types of psoriasis go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a time or even going into complete remission.

There are several types of psoriasis. These include:

• Plaque psoriasis. The most common form, plaque psoriasis causes dry, raised, red skin lesions (plaques) covered with silvery scales. The plaques might be itchy or painful and there may be few or many. They can occur anywhere on your body, including your genitals and the soft tissue inside your mouth.
• Nail psoriasis. Psoriasis can affect fingernails and toenails, causing pitting, abnormal nail growth and discoloration. Psoriatic nails might loosen and separate from the nail bed (onycholysis). Severe cases may cause the nail to crumble.
• Guttate psoriasis. This type primarily affects young adults and children. It's usually triggered by a bacterial infection such as strep throat. It's marked by small, water-drop-shaped, scaling lesions on your trunk, arms, legs and scalp.
  The lesions are covered by a fine scale and aren't as thick as typical plaques are. You may have a single outbreak that goes away on its own, or you may have repeated episodes.
• Inverse psoriasis. This mainly affects the skin in the armpits, in the groin, under the breasts and around the genitals. Inverse psoriasis causes smooth patches of red, inflamed skin that worsen with friction and sweating. Fungal infections may trigger this type of psoriasis.
• Pustular psoriasis. This uncommon form of psoriasis can occur in widespread patches (generalized pustular psoriasis) or in smaller areas on your hands, feet or fingertips.
  It generally develops quickly, with pus-filled blisters appearing just hours after your skin becomes red and tender. The blisters may come and go frequently. Generalized pustular psoriasis can also cause fever, chills, severe itching and diarrhea.
• Erythrodermic psoriasis. The least common type of psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis can cover your entire body with a red, peeling rash that can itch or burn intensely.
• Psoriatic arthritis. In addition to inflamed, scaly skin, psoriatic arthritis causes swollen, painful joints that are typical of arthritis. Sometimes the joint symptoms are the first or only manifestation of psoriasis or at times only nail changes are seen. Symptoms range from mild to severe, and psoriatic arthritis can affect any joint. Although the disease usually isn't as crippling as other forms of arthritis, it can cause stiffness and progressive joint damage that in the most serious cases may lead to permanent deformity.

When to see a doctor

If you suspect that you may have psoriasis, see your doctor for an examination. Also, talk to your doctor if your psoriasis:

• Causes you discomfort and pain
• Makes performing routine tasks difficult
• Causes you concern about the appearance of your skin
• Leads to joint problems, such as pain, swelling or inability to perform daily tasks

Seek medical advice if your signs and symptoms worsen or don't improve with treatment. You may need a different medication or a combination of treatments to manage the psoriasis.

Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic

Causes

The cause of psoriasis isn't fully understood, but it's thought to be related to an immune system problem with T cells and other white blood cells, called neutrophils, in your body.

T cells normally travel through the body to defend against foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria.

But if you have psoriasis, the T cells attack healthy skin cells by mistake, as if to heal a wound or to fight an infection.

Overactive T cells also trigger increased production of healthy skin cells, more T cells and other white blood cells, especially neutrophils. These travel into the skin causing redness and sometimes pus in pustular lesions. Dilated blood vessels in psoriasis-affected areas create warmth and redness in the skin lesions.

The process becomes an ongoing cycle in which new skin cells move to the outermost layer of skin too quickly — in days rather than weeks. Skin cells build up in thick, scaly patches on the skin's surface, continuing until treatment stops the cycle.

Just what causes T cells to malfunction in people with psoriasis isn't entirely clear. Researchers believe both genetics and environmental factors play a role.

Psoriasis triggers

Psoriasis typically starts or worsens because of a trigger that you may be able to identify and avoid. Factors that may trigger psoriasis include:

• Infections, such as strep throat or skin infections
• Injury to the skin, such as a cut or scrape, a bug bite, or a severe sunburn
• Stress
• Smoking
• Heavy alcohol consumption
• Vitamin D deficiency
• Certain medications — including lithium, which is prescribed for bipolar disorder, high blood pressure medications such as beta blockers, antimalarial drugs, and iodides

Risk factors

Anyone can develop psoriasis, but these factors can increase your risk of developing the disease:

• Family history. This is one of the most significant risk factors. Having one parent with psoriasis increases your risk of getting the disease, and having two parents with psoriasis increases your risk even more.
• Viral and bacterial infections. People with HIV are more likely to develop psoriasis than people with healthy immune systems are. Children and young adults with recurring infections, particularly strep throat, also may be at increased risk.
• Stress. Because stress can impact your immune system, high stress levels may increase your risk of psoriasis.
• Obesity. Excess weight increases the risk of psoriasis. Lesions (plaques) associated with all types of psoriasis often develop in skin creases and folds.
• Smoking. Smoking tobacco not only increases your risk of psoriasis but also may increase the severity of the disease. Smoking may also play a role in the initial development of the disease.

Complications

If you have psoriasis, you're at greater risk of developing certain diseases. These include:

• Psoriatic arthritis. This complication of psoriasis can cause joint damage and a loss of function in some joints, which can be debilitating.
• Eye conditions. Certain eye disorders — such as conjunctivitis, blepharitis and uveitis — are more common in people with psoriasis.
• Obesity. People with psoriasis, especially those with more severe disease, are more likely to be obese. It's not clear how these diseases are linked, however. The inflammation linked to obesity may play a role in the development of psoriasis. Or it may be that people with psoriasis are more likely to gain weight, possibly because they're less active because of their psoriasis.
• Type 2 diabetes. The risk of type 2 diabetes rises in people with psoriasis. The more severe the psoriasis, the greater the likelihood of type 2 diabetes.
• High blood pressure. The odds of having high blood pressure are higher for people with psoriasis.
• Cardiovascular disease. For people with psoriasis, the risk of cardiovascular disease is twice as high as it is for those without the disease. Psoriasis and some treatments also increase the risk of irregular heartbeat, stroke, high cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
• Metabolic syndrome. This cluster of conditions — including high blood pressure, elevated insulin levels and abnormal cholesterol levels — increases your risk of heart disease.
• Other autoimmune diseases. Celiac disease, sclerosis and the inflammatory bowel disease called Crohn's disease are more likely to strike people with psoriasis.
• Parkinson's disease. This chronic neurological condition is more likely to occur in people with psoriasis.
• Kidney disease. Moderate to severe psoriasis has been linked to a higher risk of kidney disease.
• Emotional problems. Psoriasis can also affect your quality of life. Psoriasis is associated with low self-esteem and depression. You may also withdraw socially.

काजु खानुका केही फाइदा

बढी मूल्य पर्ने काजुका फाइदा पनि मूल्यवान नै छन् । काजु खानुका केही फाइदा यस्ता छन्ः

थकान हटाउँछ
काजुलाई ऊर्जाको राम्रो स्रोत मानिन्छ । केही काम नगर्दा पनि थकान महसुस हुन्छ अथवा काम गर्ने मुड बन्दैन भने काजु खानाले तपाईंको शरीरमा ऊर्जा थपिनगई फुर्ती आउँछ ।

अनुहार चम्किलो बनाउँछ
काजुमा प्रोटिनको मात्रा उच्च हुन्छ । त्यही भएर काजु खाने गर्नाले अनुहार चम्किलो बन्छ । काजुलाई पानीमा भिजाएर पिस्ने र यसरी बन्ने लेपले अनुहारमा मसाज गर्नाले अनुहार अझ बढी चम्किलो हुन्छ ।

दिमाग तेजिलो बनाउँछ
काजुमा एकप्रकारको तेल पाइन्छ, जसमा भिटामिन–बी प्रचुर मात्रामा हुन्छ । यसले दिमाग तेजिलो बनाउँछ ।

युरिक एसिड हुन दिँदैन
काजु खानाले शरीरमा युरिक एसिड फर्मेसन हुँदैन । युरिक एसिडको समस्या भएकालाई ड्राइफुड उपयुक्त मानिँदैन । तर, त्यस्ता मानिसले पनि निर्धक्कसँग काजु खान सक्छन् ।

रक्तचाप नियन्त्रण गर्छ
काजुमा सोडियमको मात्रा कम हुन्छ र पोटासियमको मात्रा बढी हुन्छ । त्यसैले काजु खाने गर्नाले रक्तचाप नियन्त्रित अवस्थामा रहन्छ ।

कोलेस्टेरोल घटाउँछ
हरेक बिहान काजु खाने गर्नाले कोलेस्टेरोलको मात्रा नियन्त्रित रहन्छ ।

मुटु बलियो बनाउँछ
काजुमा पाइने ओलिक एसिडले मुटुलाई स्वस्थ र बलियो राख्छ । यसका अतिरिक्त काजुमा पाइने विभिनन तत्वले मुटुका मांसपेशीलाई बलियो बनाउन मद्दत गर्छन् ।

डायबेटिज नियन्त्रण गर्छ
काजु खानाले शरीरमा इन्सुलिनको मात्रा बढ्छ र डायबेटिज नियन्त्रित अवस्थामा रहन्छ ।

पोषण प्रदान गर्छ
काजुमा कार्बोहाइड्रेट, प्रोटिन, आइरन, जिंक, म्याग्नेसियम, कपर आदि पाइन्छन् । यिनले हड्डी, दाँत आदिलाइ बलियो बनाउनुका साथै शरीरका सबै प्रणालीलाई चुस्त राख्छन् भिडियो हेर्नुहोस

People with more lutein in their blood did better on intelligence tests, the study found.

Lutein collects in the cell membranes of the brain, playing a ‘neuroprotective’ role.

Lutein is a yellow-to-orange colored pigment that's related to vitamin A. Lutein is concentrated in the retinas of your eyes, so it's a necessary component of healthy vision. It also works as an antioxidant to reduce the damage done by free radicals and may support healthy blood vessels.

If you eat a diet with a sufficient amount of colorful fruits and vegetables, you should get ample amounts of lutein, but here are 15 of our favorite lutein-rich foods.

1

Kale

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Kale is remarkably high in so many nutrients. Besides lutein, kale is rich in calcium, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin K and fiber, It's also low in calories—one cup of raw kale has only eight calories.

2

Winter Squash

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Winter squash, which includes varieties such as butternut, Hubbard, and acorn squash, are very high in lutein and vitamin A. They're also rich in potassium and contain substantial amounts of several vitamins and minerals. One cup of cubed cooked squash has six grams fiber and about 90 calories.

3

Collards

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Like most greens, collards are rich in vitamins and minerals. Besides, lutein, beta-carotene and vitamin A, collards are particularly high in calcium and magnesium. They're also super-rich in vitamin K and they've got a plenty of vitamin C.

4

Yellow Sweet Corn

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Yellow sweet corn is high in lutein and potassium, plus it has some fiber and B vitamins. Popcorn is also high in lutein and fiber. In fact, popcorn is considered a whole grain, so as long as it's not soaked in butter, popcorn can be a healthy snack.

5Spinach

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Spinach is another green leafy vegetable that's super good for you. It's rich in lutein, but it also has lots of iron, calcium, and potassium, vitamin, A, C, and K, plus fiber. It's also low in calories—only seven calories per cup of raw spinach leaves.

6Swiss Chard

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Swiss chard is a leafy vegetable with colorful stems that's rich in lutein. One cup of chopped cooked chard has 35 little calories, but it's rich in calcium, iron, potassium, vitamins A, C, and K.  Swiss chard doesn't require a lot of effort to prepare—it can be boiled or sautéed with a little olive oil and white balsamic vinegar.

7

Green Peas

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Peas aren't the most exciting of all vegetables, but they're good for you. Not only are they high in lutein, they also offer magnesium, iron, potassium, zinc, B-complex vitamins and vitamin A.

8

Arugula

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Arugula (also known as rocket) is another green leafy vegetable that's high in lutein, and just about every vitamin and mineral. Arugula is super low in calories and is perfect for a salad base or wilted in a little bit of olive oil and garlic and served as a side dish. 

9

Brussels Sprouts

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Besides having lots of lutein, Brussels sprouts are high in most vitamins and several minerals, plus they're high in dietary fiber. Brussels sprouts are also perfect for a weight loss diet with only 56 calories per cup.

10

Broccoli Rabe

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Broccoli rabe is high in lutein, vitamin A, folate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K. It's also a good source of fiber and not high in calories—about 28 calories per serving.

11

Pumpkin

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Pumpkin's rich orange flesh is super high in lutein. It's also high in potassium. Pumpkin isn't high in calories unless you add tons of sugar—one cup of mashed pumpkin has about 50 calories.

12Egg Yolks

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Most of the time you'll get your lutein from plant sources, but one animal sourced food of note is egg yolk—that's what gives the yolk it's yellow color. Eggs are also a good source of protein.

13

Sweet Potatoes

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Sweet potatoes are rich in lutein, vitamin A, beta-carotene, potassium, manganese, vitamin C, and fiber. They're sweet and delicious and even picky eaters like them. Sweet potatoes are a terrific addition to any healthy diet.

14

Carrots

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Carrots are high in lutein, beta-carotene, vitamins A, and C, plus they're a good source of several B vitamins, potassium, and manganese. They're also good for your diet—one cup of sliced carrots has about 50 calories.

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15

Asparagus

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Asparagus is high in lutein plus many other nutrients including calcium and magnesium. It's also an excellent source of vitamins A, K, and C. Asparagus is low in calories too—one cup of cooked asparagus has about 40 calories.

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16

Lutein Supplements

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Researchers who studied lutein as part of the supplement formula used in the Age-Related Eye Disease study, using Twin Lab's Ocuvite, found large doses of lutein, combined with the dietary mineral zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and copper may help slow down the progression of macular degeneration (MD) and preserve vision in people who have early MD.

Unfortunately, lutein doesn't appear to have any effect on prevention or progression of cataracts, which is a condition where the lens of one or both eyes becomes cloudy.

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